WEST AFRICAN JOURNAL OF BUSINESS AND MANAGEMENT SCIENCES

This study examined the effect of port infrastructural development on cargo delivery efficiency at Tin Can Island Port, Nigeria, using a quantitative survey design based on primary data collected with a structured fourpoint Likertscale questionnaire. Andrew Fisher’s formula produced an initial sample size of 384.16, which, after finite population correction, was adjusted to approximately 278 respondents, ensuring adequate power for statistical analysis and feasible field administration. The regression results at a 95 percent confidence level show a strong relationship between infrastructural development and cargo delivery efficiency, with correlation coefficients up to R = 0.852, coefficients of determination R2 = 0.726 and adjusted R2 = 0.722. The key infrastructure predictors; berth/equipping facilities, cargohandling equipment, storage infrastructure and power/ICT systems, exhibiting positive, statistically significant effects at p < 0.001. Berth/equipping facilities consistently emerged as the most influential predictor, followed by cargohandling equipment, power/ICT and storage infrastructure, indicating that physical and mechanical constraints are critical drivers of efficiency outcomes. The study concludes that comprehensive infrastructural upgrading is an evidencebased core strategy for improving cargo throughput, vessel turnaround time and overall delivery performance at Tin Can Island Port, but that residual variance points to the need for complementary operational and regulatory reforms. It recommends phased berth rehabilitation and equipment modernization, investments in reliable power and integrated ICT platforms, and process reengineering of clearance, labour practices and hinterland connectivity to secure sustainable, systemwide efficiency gains.

This study examined the relationship between leadership implementation and business success in real estate firms in the South-South, Nigeria. The study was guided by four research questions and four research hypotheses. The study adopted a cross-sectional correlational survey design with a population of 220 real estate firms in the South-South, Nigeria. A sample size of 140 was drawn using the Krejcie & Morgan table on sample size determination. 140 copies of questionnaires were administered to respondents, out of which 131, representing 93%, were found valid for the analysis. All items on the questionnaire had a Cronbach's alpha threshold of 0.70 and above in the reliability test. The research questions were answered and the hypotheses tested using Pearson Product Moment Correlation statistics and analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences. The result of the data analyzed revealed that there is a positive relationship between leadership implementation and business success in real estate firms in the South-South, Nigeria. Based on the findings, it was recommended that managers of real estate firms should foster a culture of effective leadership that supports strategy implementation. This includes providing training and development opportunities to enhance employee skills and knowledge, recognizing and rewarding employees who demonstrate desired behaviours, and encouraging open communication and feedback. 

This paper examined the relationship of principals’ innovative practices and the instructional effectiveness of tutors in secondary schools in Bayelsa State. The research was driven by the need to understand how modern leadership approaches, specifically reward and recognition, affect teaching outcomes in a dynamic educational landscape. A descriptive survey design was adopted, and a structured questionnaire was administered to a sample of 364 who were randomly selected from different schools across the state using random sampling techniques. The analysis was done using mean and standard deviation and Pearson Product Moment Correlation (PPMC). Findings revealed that all two innovative practices investigated had a significant positive correlation with instructional effectiveness. Specifically, principals’ reward practices motivated teachers, increased their engagement, and improved classroom delivery. Recognition boosted teacher morale and encouraged higher commitment. The paper suggested that the Ministry of Education adopt policy reforms that promote reward systems and recognition programmes in schools. It also emphasised the need for training principals in distributed leadership to foster delegation and collaboration.

This study examined the relationship between sustainability marketing practices and the consumption patterns of non-alcoholic beverages in Rivers State, Nigeria. Specifically, it investigated how green packaging, consumer education, and energy efficiency relate with consumer satisfaction and repeat patronage. Anchored on stakeholder theory, the study adopted a correlational research design and employed structured questionnaires to collect data from a sample of 120 respondents across selected local government areas in Rivers State. The data collected were analyzed using Pearson Product Moment Correlation (PPMC) to test six hypotheses. Findings revealed a significant positive relationship between green packaging and both consumer satisfaction and repeat patronage, indicating that environmentally friendly packaging influences consumers’ perception of quality and brand trust. Similarly, the study found a significant relationship between consumer education and consumer satisfaction, as well as repeat patronage. This suggests that when consumers are informed about a company's sustainable practices, they are more likely to support the brand consistently. Additionally, energy efficiency was found to have a significant relationship with consumer satisfaction and repeat patronage, emphasizing the growing consumer awareness of and appreciation for energy-conscious production processes. The study concludes that integrating sustainability into marketing practices is not only ethically necessary but also strategically beneficial for long-term brand success in the non-alcoholic beverage sector. It recommends that beverage companies should prioritize biodegradable, recyclable, or reusable packaging materials to appeal to environmentally conscious consumers and enhance satisfaction and loyalty. The implications of this study extend to policy makers, marketers, and environmental advocates, suggesting that organizations in the non-alcoholic beverage industry must recognize sustainability not merely as compliance, but as a value-added strategy that can drive competitive advantage and consumer loyalty.

This study examined marine navigational infrastructure and safety standard compliance in Nigerian seaports, with a focus on Apapa Port Complex. Specifically, it assessed the effects of navigational equipment availability, radar and communication functionality, GPS/electronic chart use, maintenance of aids to navigation, and staff competence on accident prevention and compliance with port safety regulations. The study was guided by two hypotheses and adopted a quantitative survey design. Primary data were collected through a structured questionnaire administered to 360 personnel and stakeholders involved in marine navigation, vessel traffic management, safety regulation, and navigational support services at Apapa Port Complex, using both paper-based and Google Forms instruments. Secondary data were obtained from relevant literature and port-related materials. The data were analysed with multiple linear regression at the 0.05 significance level. Findings showed that the combined predictors explained 74.6% of the variance in accident prevention and 49.8% of the variance in compliance with port safety regulations. The ANOVA results confirmed that both regression models were statistically significant, while the coefficient estimates showed that all predictors positively influenced the two dependent variables. Maintenance of navigational aids and staff competence emerged as the strongest predictors of accident prevention, while navigational equipment availability, GPS/electronic chart use, and aid maintenance were key determinants of regulatory compliance. The study concludes that marine navigational infrastructure and human competence are critical to safer vessel operations and stronger adherence to safety standards in Nigerian seaports. It recommends improved equipment provision, regular maintenance of navigational aids, continuous staff training, upgraded communication systems, and stricter enforcement of port safety regulations to enhance operational safety and reduce accidents.

The study investigated green technology adoption and performance of multinational oil corporations in South-South, Nigeria. The specific objectives are to examine the impact of green technology adoption on organizational sustainability, assess the effect of green product production and consumption on job satisfaction of multinational oil corporations in South-South. The research design used in the study was a survey design. The researcher adopted mainly primary sources of data. The total population was seventy-nine thousand seven hundred and sixty-five (79,765) respondents from the selected six states in South-South, Nigeria. A total of five hundred and ninety five (595) copies of questionnaire was administered to the selected Multinational Oil Corporations in South-South, Nigeria, during the collection of the administered questionnaire, eight one (81) copies questionnaires were wrongly filled, misplaced, void and discarded with a percentage rate of 13.6%, while the questionnaire recovered is 514 with a percentage ratio of 86.4% that aided the study. The sample size was 595 staff derived from Godden formula (2004). Simple regression analysis and Pearson correlation coefficient was used to test the relationships between dependent and independent variables of the study. The findings of the study stated that there is a significant effect between green technology adoption on organizational sustainability of multinational oil corporations in South-South. There is a significant effect between green product production and consumption on job satisfaction of multinational oil corporations in South-South. The study concluded that engaging in environmental business practices, such as green technology practices, may help companies gain competitive advantage and enhance their organizational performance.  The study recommended that firms under the study should continually perform a cost benefit analysis of available green technologies to ensure alignment with organizational goals, also using real-time energy monitoring tools to track consumption and detect inefficiencies.

This study is poise to unravel the underpinning factor, responsible for unabated corruption in Nigerian bureaucratic institutions. The issue of corruption in public institution had endured overtime yet not exhaustive. Successive authors had pontificated on this subject matter citing cultural factors and individuals being responsible for corruption. However, this study will rely on historical analysis as well as other relevant data to buttress the study. Again bureaucratic corruption are as a result of imperial’s economic intention and self entitled nature of Nigeria bureaucrats. The post colonial democrat has became selfish with regards to distribution national resources. Relying on Alva’s theory of state this article asserted that corruption in the public institutions is as a result of class formation instituted by the colonial masters. In addition bureaucratic corruption has been influenced largely by the establishment of an unequal system that have remained persistent even after colonial rule.  Also class struggle have further exacerbated corruption especially among the elites and sometimes having the bureaucrats in the mix. Inadvertently, the bureaucrats are taking undue advantage of the abnormality to enrich themselves in the process unduly. In a nutshell, so long the government remains the major controller and distributor of the common wealth, corruption in public institutions will continue to thrive.

This research explores the intricate relationship between maritime security and economic growth in Nigeria, focusing on SIFAX Shipping Company. The study aims to uncover how maritime security challenges impact operational efficiency and economic activities within Nigeria' shipping and logistics sector, utilizing both quantitative and qualitative data. Survey data from SIFAX employees and other stakeholders, supplemented by secondary data from industry reports, formed the basis of the analysis. Findings indicate a weak negative correlation between concerns about maritime security threats and organizational response effectiveness (Pearson correlation coefficient = -0.1655), suggesting that increased security concerns are associated with decreased perceptions of organizational effectiveness. A t-test revealed no statistically significant difference between perceptions of maritime security’s impact on trade efficiency and economic growth (t = -1.2402, p = 0.2179), indicating a nuanced relationship. Regression analysis suggests that perceived improvements in security measures could positively influence broader economic outcomes over time (Regression coefficients: const = 3.2033, Q9 = -0.1951). The study underscores the need for enhanced security measures to mitigate operational disruptions and improve efficiency. It highlights the importance of continuous investment in robust security frameworks and strategic collaboration among government agencies, private sector stakeholders, and international partners. Recommendations include establishing an integrated security framework, investing in technological infrastructure, implementing comprehensive training programs, enforcing regulatory reforms, and fostering public-private partnerships. Despite limitations such as sample size and geographical focus, the findings provide valuable insights for strengthening Nigeria's maritime security landscape and supporting sustainable economic development. The study concludes with suggestions for further research, advocating for longitudinal studies, sectoral analyses, and comparative assessments to deepen understanding of the complex interplay between maritime security and economic growth.

In the present-day environmental and socio-economic conditions the classical project management approach, characterized by the minimization of the short-term economic loss and optimization of the “Iron Triangle” parameters, is becoming increasingly difficult to maintain. This paper discusses the theoretical underpinning, mechanism of structures and operability of comprehensive integration of sustainability into project management process. It is based upon the Triple Bottom Line (TBL) and the Stakeholder Theory, which explores the unique balancing of three factors: Profit, People, and Planet. We discuss and examine how traditional project management approaches (such as PRINCE2, PMBOK, etc.) can be re-engineered into Sustainable Project Management (SPM) approaches. The paper examines the potential of advanced Life Cycle Assessments (LCA), circular procurement models and project financing linked to environmental, social and governance (ESG) scorecards as drivers for this transition. Moreover, we explore the fundamental institutional and operational challenges toward carrying out sustainability integration, including the "green premium," the cognitive discounting of long- term benefits, and systemic structural inertia. In conclusion, the paper proposes a strategic maturity model to help project leaders make the leap from compliance to purpose-driven, sustainable value creation, positing that future project success will necessarily hinge on sustainable balance.