JOURNAL OF AFRICAN CONTEMPORARY RESEARCH

This paper examined politics of global security and its implications on the Africa since 1960. The politics of global security in Africa is a complex and evolving landscape that warrants careful examination since a wholesome event here can create a swell effect on the global community. Politics, in its very nature, presents a complex web of issues that are seldom capable of causing a ripple effect on a global scale, particularly, when not handled with caution. Using the primary and secondary sources of data through a multidisciplinary approach to generate the required information, this study provides an overview of the multifaceted nature of Africa's security challenges and the intricate dynamics involving both global and regional actors. As regard theory, the study used the Security Dilemma and Good Governance theories to explain African security issues. The study revealed that Africa has experienced armed conflicts, terrorism, resource competition, and humanitarian disasters over the years as a result of external global influences due to balance of power struggle. The paper argued that that regional institutions like the African Union and ECOWAS has over the years helped to resolve conflicts and maintain peace with numerous challenges due to western influences. The study established that natural resources, particularly oil, minerals, and water, serve as both a source of wealth and conflict, while the rise of extremist groups adds to the region's security concerns due to their external linkages. The study concluded that addressing the root causes of conflicts, promoting good governance, and fostering sustainable development are central to finding lasting solutions to the continent's security challenges and recommended an indigenous mechanism to conflict management as a means to reduce security challenges in Africa.

Curriculum is the bed rock of education; it specifies the methods, instructional instruments and the pedagogy of transferring knowledge from the teacher to the learner. When a curriculum is poorly implemented, the educational system will fail, and its policies and objectives will not be achieved. The poor educational system of Nigeria, characterized by lack of instructional materials, academic manpower and adequate infrastructural facilities for learning informs the educational doom currently facing the nation. Many scholars have associated this to poor educational policies and implementation. However, this study takes a critical look at the effect of the national problem of corruption on the implementation of curriculum in Nigeria, considering it as the root cause of the decay in the educational system of the nation. Primary date was collected with a questionnaire and distributed to two institutions of higher learning in Bayelsa State. Using the statistical package of social sciences (SPSS), a regression and correlation coefficient analysis was conducted to test the hypotheses. The results indicated an increase on the rate of corruption will lead to a more than average corresponding reduction on curriculum implementation. It is therefore recommended that financial accountability should be strongly entrenched in our educational systems.

The paper examines the impact of illegal migration in Africa and the security challenges this unofficial migration has posed in the form of trans-national border crimes such as the proliferation of small arms and light weapons (SALWs), terrorism, human trafficking, slave trade, drug smuggling and peddling, etc. These transnational border crimes were given impetus as a result of the drive by young people to seek better sources of livelihood in Europe, Middle East, etc, in response to poor governance which is common place in the African continent. The paper suggests that African governments through their leaders should provide the people with good governance by providing them with basic infrastructures that will better their lots. This the paper says can be achieved through popular policies of the various African governments as well as deep and entrenching democracy so that issues of political unrest which contributes to insecurity and dwindling economy as the reason while young people migrate illegally to the West and other places can be checked. Also, the need for collaboration by African leaders with other regional leaders and international organizations to stem the tide was strongly advocated

This research investigated the impact of traffic congestion on supply chain performance. The primary purpose of the study is to examine the effect of road traffic congestion on the supply chain performance of Biswal Company Limited. Specifically, the study evaluated the causes of road traffic, assessed the effect of road traffic on supply chain performance, examined the effect of road traffic on customer service and assessed the effect of road traffic on productivity. The study adopted a case study survey research design. Findings from this study reveal that the correlation between road traffic congestion and supply chain performance is significant (r = 0.567), indicating a robust linear relationship. The R-squared value of 0.147 suggests that 14.7% of the variation in road traffic congestion can be explained by supply chain performance. The results indicated that road traffic congestion affected supply chain performance positively and significantly (F = 8.465, p = 0.005). There is also a significant correlation between the proxies. Based on these results, appropriate recommendations were made.

The study examined the effect of career self-management on employee job satisfaction in selected federal universities in South-South, Nigeria. The literature was segmented into four main sections namely; conceptual framework, theoretical framework, theoretical exposition and empirical review. However, the theoretical exposition was highlighted to reflect the specific objectives of the study being the main body of the literature. The study was designed as a descriptive survey for the purpose of generalizing the results for the entire population of interest. From the population of 6433 non-teaching staff identified from the selected universities in the South-South region, Nigeria, 1236 sample was estimated for the study. The main tools of analysis were frequency distribution and multiple regression analysis. All tests were based on 0.05 level of significance. Major findings from the study indicate that career self-management goal characteristics and career self-management strategies has significant and positive effect on employee job satisfaction in the organization. It was concluded that employees who are involved in goal orientation and strategic career management gain significant satisfaction from their jobs. The study recommended among others that employees should be encouraged to play more significant roles in their career by guiding them on the process of attaining career goal and by incorporating individual career management ideology in its personnel management policy

The legislature makes the law but it is the role of judges to interpret the words of legislature. The judges in the course of interpreting the law have a measure of discretion and creative power in the manner in which they interpret law. Legislature can include words that have more than one meaning or words whose meaning changes depending on its context. It can lead to a lack of clarity or precision and the language or words used can create obscurity, ambiguity, meaningless and failing to achieve the purpose which it is aimed simply through being badly drafted. As a result, judges need to provide legislation with effective meaning through interpretation which can be restrictive, literal, permissive and purposive. Language is indeterminate and innately vulnerable to the unsettling play of deconstructive forces. It is argued that words have no essential meaning, instead, words are constantly shifting variable with capacity to impede communication and derail the interpretive processes. This raises the obvious question whether judges their duty of interpretation of statute to discover the intention of the legislature, is a myth or realty

Salary, wage and performance have been identified as one of the most important area and greater expense of any organization. The main objective of evaluation of salary, wage management and performance: A study of Ebonyi State Civil Service Nigeria (2018-2024) is aimed at evaluating the impact of salary, wage and performance, to identify the problems that are militating against salary and wage in an organization. The study attempts to discuss some of the factors that can promote productivity in an organization, adequate budgetary, planning, human training, increment etc. The question now is: what extent can effective salaries management impact on worker’s productivity in Ebonyi State Civil Service? The sample survey method was adopted. In study, the researcher used two theories: wage fund theory by Adam Smith in (1846) that emphasised on the workers payment of wage that can enhance productivity and subsistence theory by David Richard in the year (1975), he emphasised on the market price of labour and productivity, seeing workers basic needs as important. This study recommended among others, that salaries and wages of employees should be promptly paid as and when due to avoid low morale in the service

The importance of stare decisis in the legal system of Nigeria is obvious. That stare decisis properly applied contributes to certainty in the law (amongst other benefits) as an indispensable attribute of justice is also not in dispute. However, the application of the doctrine of stare decisis by Nigerian courts, particularly the Court of Appeal and the Supreme Court is fraught with uncertainties arising from conflict in principles. This is a very serious impediment in the use of stare decisis to attain an egalitarian society. The Supreme Court thus needs take the lead in ensuring consistency in its decisions generally and laying down clearly, principles applicable in the area of stare decisis. Prevention is, definitely and indisputably better than cure

This study examined the relationship that existed between voters’ apathy and electoral processes and outcomes in Nigeria. The objective of the study was to determine whether any relationship existed between voters’ apathy and electoral outcomes in Nigeria. The theoretical frameworks adopted for the study were the Rational Choice theory and the Political Alienation theory. The study used descriptive research method to describe characteristics of the population being studied. It aimed to accurately and systematically describe the phenomenon of voters’ apathy in Nigeria’s elections. Voters’ apathy means a general decline in citizen’s involvement in the political activities of a particular country. Causes of voters’ apathy according to this study included the belief by voters that all political candidates are the same in deceit, lack of political accountability by the politicians, failed promises of political leaders, corruption, violence, lack of proper mobilization of the electorates for election, lack of credible leaders, security challenges during election and lack of faith in the electoral umpire by the voters. The effect of voters’ apathy was such that it could sharply reduce the number of people whose voices are heard in an election. It was concluded from the study that government should restore the confidence of the voters during elections by ensuring that their votes actually counted. Finally, it was recommended among others that voters’ education be aggressively pursued along with the de-monetization of the voting process in Nigeria. The study would be a further contribution to de-escalate the despicable incident of voters’ apathy in Nigeria.

The goal of this study is to look at how recruitment and selection affect employee turnover. The researcher used five research questions and hypotheses.  The study's methodology was survey-based, with the questionnaire serving as the primary data collection technique. The data collected was presented as a percentage and examined using correlation analysis. The results indicated that there is a strong association between recruiting and employee turnover, since the calculated value of r, 1.15, was greater than 0.5. Selection is significantly related to employee turnover, as the calculated value of r, 1.1345, is greater than 0.5, hence the researcher accepted the alternative hypothesis while rejecting the null hypothesis. There is a strong association between placement and employee turnover, as indicated by the estimated value of r, 0.5, and the researcher accepted the alternative hypothesis. Recruitment is substantially associated to absenteeism, as indicated by the r-value of 0.591, which is greater than 0.5. There is a substantial relationship between selection and employee absenteeism; because the value of r, 1.0410, was greater than 0.5, the researcher accepted the alternate hypothesis. Based on the findings, the study suggests that human resource departments, particularly Nigerian Breweries plc, place a greater emphasis on the recruiting process by promoting available vacancies through various modes of communication in order to attract the suitable personnel. In other words, the positions should be open to everyone rather than limited to specific individuals. They should understand that the recruitment process should be conducted in a free and fair manner.

This study investigated the intellectual stimulation on employees’ innovation skills of selected manufacturing firms in South East, Nigeria. The objectives of the study are to examine the effect of intellectual stimulation on employees’ innovation skills of selected manufacturing firms in South East, Nigeria, evaluate the effect of inspirational motivation on employees’ commitment of selected manufacturing firms in South East, Nigeria and determine the degree to which individualized consideration boost employees’ job satisfaction of selected manufacturing firms in South East, Nigeria. The study adopted a survey research design and primary data was mainly used to obtain accurate data based on the opinion of the respondents and supported by reviews of information from secondary sources for validation. The target population of two thousand, three hundred and fifty-one (2,351) obtained from the fifteen (15) selected manufacturing firms in South East, Nigeria. The sample size of three hundred and forty-two (342) respondents was derived from Taro Yamane formula. Therefore, a total of three hundred and forty-two (342) copies of the questionnaire were distributed to the various manufacturing firms. Out of this number, fifty-six (56) copies of questionnaire were lost/wrongly filled with percentage ratio of 16.6% while two hundred and eighty-six (286) copies of questionnaire were correctly filled and returned with percentage ratio of 83.4%, which formed the basis of the study. To test the hypotheses of this study, the study adopted simple regression model, analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Pearson Correlation Coefficient of SPSS Version 22. From the result of the findings, the study indicated that intellectual stimulation has a significant effect on employees’ innovation skills of selected manufacturing firms in South East, Nigeria (R2 = 83.0%, t-value = 4.161** at 5 percent significant level) and that inspirational motivation has a significant effect on employees’ commitment of selected manufacturing firms in South East, Nigeria ((R2 = 80.5%, t-value = 3.491** at 5 percent significant level). Also that  individualized consideration boost employees’ job satisfaction of selected manufacturing firms in South East, Nigeria (f- statistics = 486.133, mean square = 47.641 with p- value = 0.000< 0.05% significance level) From the results of the hypotheses testing, the study concluded that intellectual stimulation has a significant effect on employees’ innovation skills, inspirational motivation has a significant effect on employees’ commitment, individualized consideration boost employees’ job satisfaction, idealized influence enhances employees’ motivation while there is a positive and significant relationship between transformational leadership style and firms’ creativity of selected manufacturing firms in South East, Nigeria. The study recommended that Management of the selected manufacturing firms should regularly work on enhancing the еmployееs morale with inspirational words and actions as these will develop еmployееs strong sense of confidence to work harder towards achieving better organizational performance.

The study empirically evaluates how financial inclusion and macroeconomic stability affect poverty reduction in Nigeria from 2009 to 2023. Specifically, the study considered how bank account per head, inflation rate, number of bank branches, and bank loans to rural dwellers influence poverty index. Data came from the Central Bank of Nigeria statistical bulletin, the World Bank database, and the National Bureau of Statistics. The study employed the descriptive statistics, unit root, and ARDL techniques at the 5% significant level. The unit root test revealed that the variables had mixed stationarity; necessitating the ARDL F-bound test the shows the absence of long-run form. The findings show that bank loans to rural dwellers is positive and significant to poverty index, inflation rate is positive but insignificant to poverty index, and number of bank branches and bank account per head are negative and insignificant to poverty index in Nigeria. The research concludes that the number of bank accounts per person is the primary factor of financial inclusion that has a substantial impact on the poverty index in Nigeria. Therefore, the research recommends that banks should lower the lending rates and collateral requirements for rural residents in order to enhance financial inclusion and simultaneously alleviate poverty in Nigeria.